Click on the
images above to view our hydrographic survey capabilities in more
detail.
Side-scan
sonar is used to create an image of large areas of the
sea floor.
This
system is used for mapping the seabed for a wide variety
of purposes, including creation of nautical charts and
the detection and identification of underwater objects
and bathymetric features.
It
is also used to conduct surveys for marine archaeology
and in conjunction with seafloor samples it is able
to provide an understanding of the differences in material
and texture type of the seabed.
Side-Scan
Sonar imagery detailing sand waves and boulders
Side-scan
sonar imagery is also commonly used to detect items
of debris and other obstructions on the seafloor that
may be hazardous to shipping or to seafloor installations,
such oil and gas pipelines, outfalls, cable routes,
oil / gas platform positioning and marine industry construction
works.
In
addition, the status of pipelines and cables on the
seafloor can be investigated using side scan sonar.
Side-scan data sets are frequently acquired with bathymetric
soundings and sub-bottom data, thus providing a glimpse
of the surfacial topography of the seabed and are also
used within dredging operations and environmental studies.
Sunken
barge located at Tobermory Bay, Mull.
Wastewater
outfall & diffuser.
Sand
lens & rock outcropping, Orkney Isles.
Side-scan
uses a sonar device that emits fan shaped pulses down
towards the seafloor across a wide angle perpendicular
to the path of the sensor through the water, which may
be towed from a surface vessel or mounted on a ship's
hull.
The
intensity of the acoustic reflections from the seafloor
of this fan-shaped beam is recorded in a series of cross-track
data sets.
When
pieced together, in a mosaic, these data sets form an
image of the sea bottom within the swath (coverage width)
of the beam.
The
sound frequencies used in side-scan sonar usually range
from 100 to 500 kHz; where higher frequencies yield better
resolution but less range.
(Image
Right: Backscatter side-scan mosaic of outer harbour area)